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Compare Lebanon (2003) - Glorioso Islands (2002)

Compare Lebanon (2003) z Glorioso Islands (2002)

 Lebanon (2003)Glorioso Islands (2002)
 LebanonGlorioso Islands
Administrative divisions 6 governorates (mohafazat, singular - mohafazah); Beyrouth, Beqaa, Liban-Nord, Liban-Sud, Mont-Liban, Nabatiye -
Age structure 0-14 years: 27.1% (male 514,447; female 494,166)


15-64 years: 66.1% (male 1,177,773; female 1,286,433)


65 years and over: 6.8% (male 115,693; female 139,191) (2003 est.)
-
Agriculture - products citrus, grapes, tomatoes, apples, vegetables, potatoes, olives, tobacco; sheep, goats -
Airports 8 (2002) 1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 5


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
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Airports - with unpaved runways total: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 10,400 sq km


land: 10,230 sq km


water: 170 sq km
total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ile Glorieuse, Ile du Lys, Verte Rocks, Wreck Rock, and South Rock
Area - comparative about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background Lebanon has made progress toward rebuilding its political institutions since 1991 and the end of the devastating 16-year civil war. Under the Ta'if Accord - the blueprint for national reconciliation - the Lebanese have established a more equitable political system, particularly by giving Muslims a greater say in the political process while institutionalizing sectarian divisions in the government. Since the end of the war, the Lebanese have conducted several successful elections, most of the militias have been weakened or disbanded, and the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) have extended central government authority over about two-thirds of the country. Hizballah, the radical Shi'a party, retains its weapons. Syria maintains about 16,000 troops in Lebanon, based mainly east of Beirut and in the Bekaa Valley. Syria's troop deployment was legitimized by the Arab League during Lebanon's civil war and in the Ta'if Accord. Damascus justifies its continued military presence in Lebanon by citing Beirut's requests and the failure of the Lebanese Government to implement all of the constitutional reforms in the Ta'if Accord. Israel's withdrawal from its security zone in southern Lebanon in May 2000, however, has emboldened some Lebanese Christians and Druze to demand that Syria withdraw its forces as well. A French possession since 1892, the Glorioso Islands are composed of two lushly vegetated coral islands (Ile Glorieuse and Ile du Lys) and three rock islets. A military garrison operates a weather and radio station on Ile Glorieuse.
Birth rate 19.68 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Budget revenues: $3.1 billion


expenditures: $5.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
-
Capital Beirut -
Climate Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows tropical
Coastline 225 km 35.2 km
Constitution 23 May 1926, amended a number of times, most recently Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of October 1989 -
Country name conventional long form: Lebanese Republic


conventional short form: Lebanon


local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah


local short form: Lubnan
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Glorioso Islands


local long form: none


local short form: Iles Glorieuses
Currency Lebanese pound (LBP) -
Death rate 6.32 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Debt - external $9.3 billion (2002 est.) -
Dependency status - possession of France; administered by a high commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Vincent Martin BATTLE


embassy: Awkar, Lebanon


mailing address: P. O. Box 70840, Awkar, Lebanon; PSC 815, Box 2, FPO AE 09836-0002


telephone: 011-961-4-543-600/542-600


FAX: 011-961-4-544-136
none (possession of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Farid ABBOUD


chancery: 2560 28th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 939-6320


FAX: [1] (202) 939-6324


consulate(s) general: Detroit, New York, and Los Angeles
none (possession of France)
Disputes - international Syrian troops in central and eastern Lebanon since October 1976; Lebanese Government claims Shab'a Farms area of Israeli-occupied Golan Heights claimed by Madagascar
Economic aid - recipient $3.5 billion (pledges 1997-2001) $4.2 billion in pledges November 2002 Paris II Aid Conference -
Economy - overview The 1975-91 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and all but ended Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern entrepot and banking hub. Peace enabled the central government to restore control in Beirut, begin collecting taxes, and regain access to key port and government facilities. Economic recovery was helped by a financially sound banking system and resilient small- and medium-scale manufacturers. Family remittances, banking services, manufactured and farm exports, and international aid provided the main sources of foreign exchange. Lebanon's economy made impressive gains since the launch in 1993 of "Horizon 2000," the government's $20 billion reconstruction program. Real GDP grew 8% in 1994, 7% in 1995, 4% in 1996 and in 1997, but slowed to 1.2% in 1998, -1.6% in 1999, -0.6% in 2000, 0.8% in 2001, and 1.5% in 2002. During the 1990s annual inflation fell to almost 0% from more than 100%. Lebanon has rebuilt much of its war-torn physical and financial infrastructure. The government nonetheless faces serious challenges in the economic arena. It has funded reconstruction by borrowing heavily - mostly from domestic banks. In order to reduce the ballooning national debt, the re-installed HARIRI government began an economic austerity program to rein in government expenditures, increase revenue collection, and privatize state enterprises. The HARIRI government met with international donors at the Paris II conference in November 2002 to seek bilateral assistance restructuring its domestic debt at lower rates of interest. While privatization of state-owned enterprises had not occurred by the end of 2002, the government had successfully avoided a currency devaluation and debt default in 2002. no economic activity
Electricity - consumption 7.44 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 1.183 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 6.728 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 97.2%


hydro: 2.8%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Qurnat as Sawda' 3,088 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 12 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation
-
Ethnic groups Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1% -
Exchange rates Lebanese pounds per US dollar - 1,507.5 (2002), 1,507.5 (2001), 1,507.5 (2000), 1,507.84 (1999), 1,516.13 (1998) -
Executive branch chief of state: President Emile LAHUD (since 24 November 1998)


head of government: Prime Minister Rafiq HARIRI (since 23 October 2000); Deputy Prime Minister Issam FARES (since 23 October 2000); note - HARIRI resigned on 15 April 2003, but was reappointed the next day


cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president and members of the National Assembly


elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a six-year term; election last held 15 October 1998 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president in consultation with the National Assembly; by custom, the president is a Maronite Christian, the prime minister is a Sunni Muslim, and the speaker of the legislature is a Shi'a Muslim


election results: Emile LAHUD elected president; National Assembly vote - 118 votes in favor, 0 against, 10 abstentions
-
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities foodstuffs and tobacco, textiles, chemicals, precious stones, metal products, electrical products, jewelry, paper products -
Exports - partners Switzerland 10.8%, Saudi Arabia 9%, UAE 8.6%, US 6.7%, Jordan 4.6%, Turkey 4.3% (2002) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description three horizontal bands of red (top), white (double width), and red with a green cedar tree centered in the white band the flag of France is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $17.61 billion (2002 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 12%


industry: 21%


services: 67% (2000)
-
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,800 (2002 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 2% (2002 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 33 50 N, 35 50 E 11 30 S, 47 20 E
Geography - note Nahr el Litani only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary; rugged terrain historically helped isolate, protect, and develop numerous factional groups based on religion, clan, and ethnicity the islands and rocks are surrounded by an extensive reef system
Highways total: 7,300 km


paved: 6,198 km


unpaved: 1,102 km (1999 est.)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
-
Illicit drugs cannabis cultivation dramatically reduced to 2,500 hectares in 2002; opium poppy cultivation minimal; small amounts of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin transit country on way to US and European markets -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, electrical products, vehicles, minerals, chemicals, textiles, fuels -
Imports - partners Italy 11.3%, France 10.7%, Germany 8.4%, US 5.6%, Syria 5.4%, China 4.8%, Belgium 4.5%, UK 4.2% (2002) -
Independence 22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries banking; food processing; jewelry; cement; textiles; mineral and chemical products; wood and furniture products; oil refining; metal fabricating -
Infant mortality rate total: 26.43 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 29.22 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 23.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
-
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.5% (2002 est.) -
International organization participation ABEDA, ACCT, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 22 (2000) -
Irrigated land 1,200 sq km (1998 est.) 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of laws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president and prime minister as needed) -
Labor force 1.5 million


note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers (2001 est.)
-
Labor force - by occupation services NA%, industry NA%, agriculture NA% -
Land boundaries total: 454 km


border countries: Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 17.6%


permanent crops: 12.51%


other: 69.89% (1998 est.)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms) (1998 est.)
Languages Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian -
Legal system mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, Napoleonic code, and civil law; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Majlis Alnuwab (Arabic) or Assemblee Nationale (French) (128 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of sectarian proportional representation to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 27 August and 3 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - Muslim 57% (of which Sunni 25%, Sh'ite 25%, Druze 6%, Alawite less than 1%), Christian 43% (of which Maronite 23%); seats by party - Muslim 64 (of which Sunni 27, Sh'ite 27, Druze 8, Alawite 2), Christian 64 (of which Maronite 34)
-
Life expectancy at birth total population: 72.07 years


male: 69.64 years


female: 74.61 years (2003 est.)
-
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 87.4%


male: 93.1%


female: 82.2% (2003 est.)
-
Location Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria Southern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar
Map references Middle East Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total: 56 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 230,142 GRT/306,442 DWT


ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 28, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, container 4, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 9, roll on/roll off 4, vehicle carrier 3


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: France 1, Greece 10, Netherlands 4, Panama 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2, Spain 1, Syria 2 (2002 est.)
-
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $541 million (2002) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.8% (FY99) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 1,025,984 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 630,657 (2003 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 22 November (1943) -
Nationality noun: Lebanese (singular and plural)


adjective: Lebanese
-
Natural hazards dust storms, sandstorms periodic cyclones
Natural resources limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region, arable land guano, coconuts
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Pipelines oil 209 km (2003) -
Political parties and leaders political party activity is organized along largely sectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting of individual political figures and followers motivated by religious, clan, and economic considerations -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 3,727,703 (July 2003 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: there is a small French military garrison along with a few meteorologists; visited by scientists (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 28% (1999 est.) -
Population growth rate 1.34% (2003 est.) -
Ports and harbors Antilyas, Batroun, Beirut, Chekka, El Mina, Ez Zahrani, Jbail, Jounie, Naqoura, Sidon, Tripoli, Tyre none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 20, FM 22, shortwave 4 (1998) -
Railways total: 401 km


standard gauge: 319 km 1.435-m


narrow gauge: 82 km 1.050-m


note: rail system is unusable because of damage in civil war (2002)
-
Religions Muslim 70% (including Shi'a, Sunni, Druze, Isma'ilite, Alawite or Nusayri), Christian 30% (including Orthodox Christian, Catholic, Protestant), Jewish NEGL% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female


total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
-
Suffrage 21 years of age; compulsory for all males; authorized for women at age 21 with elementary education -
Telephone system general assessment: telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding well underway


domestic: primarily microwave radio relay and cable


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations); coaxial cable to Syria; microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan; 3 submarine coaxial cables
-
Telephones - main lines in use 700,000 (1999) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 580,000 (1999) -
Television broadcast stations 15 (plus 5 repeaters) (1995) -
Terrain narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains low and flat
Total fertility rate 1.98 children born/woman (2003 est.) -
Unemployment rate 18% (1997 est.) -
Waterways none none
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